论文部分内容阅读
大棚番茄在生长发育过程中,因肥水管理不当、气候条件不适、光照不足、生长调节剂使用不当等非生物因素引发的一种非传染性病害,统称为生理性病害。现就常见的几种生理性病害的发生原因及预防措施分述如下。1.畸形果:大棚番茄在低温、多肥(以氮为主)、水分及光照充足的条件下,养分集中地运送到花芽中,使细胞分裂过旺,心皮数目增多,开花后发育不平衡,形成多心室的畸形果;植株老化,营养物形成少,在低温、日照不足的条件下,花器及果实不能充分发育,而成尖顶的畸形果;在幼苗期氮肥过多,使用生长调节剂的浓度不当或者水、肥跟不上也会增加畸形果的发生。预防措施:主要是加强苗期的管理,尤其在第一穗花的花芽分化前后,要避免10℃以下的低温,可采取多层覆膜,大棚套小棚种植,或加盖草苦等进行加温。另外,苗期营养要素要配合适当,防止氮肥过多。
Greenhouse tomatoes in the growth and development process, due to improper fertilizer and water management, climatic conditions, inadequate lighting, improper use of growth regulators and other non-biological factors caused a non-infectious diseases, collectively referred to as physiological diseases. Now common causes and prevention of several physiological diseases are described below. 1. Malformation fruit: greenhouse tomatoes at low temperature, more fertilizer (mainly nitrogen), water and light sufficient conditions, the nutrients transported to the centralized flower buds, the cell division over, the number of carpels increased after the development of flowering Balance, the formation of multi-ventricular malformations; plant aging, nutrient formation less, under low temperature, lack of sunlight conditions, flowers and fruits can not be fully developed, and into a spire of deformed fruit; nitrogen fertilizer in seedling stage, the use of growth regulation Improper agent concentration or water, fat can not keep up will also increase the occurrence of deformities. Preventive measures: Mainly to strengthen the management of seedling stage, especially in the first spike flower bud differentiation before and after to avoid the low temperature below 10 ℃, can take a multi-layer filming, greenhouse sheds, or covered with grass bitter temperature. In addition, seedling nutrient elements to be appropriate to prevent excessive nitrogen.