一、引言由于计算机技术和微电子技术的飞速发展,正在生产方式上引起一场新的革命。自动化的范围和规模正在不断扩大,在各工业领域中工业用计算机系统获得了广泛的应用。这里要指出,面向工业控制与面向数据处理或信息管理这两类计算机的设计思想是不大一样的。例如,面向工业控制的计算机往往不需要有大容量存贮器和复杂的程序开发系统, I. INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid development of computer technology and microelectronic technology, a new revolution is being brought about in the mode of production. The scope and scale of automation are expanding, and industrial computer systems are widely used in various industries. It should be pointed out here that the design ideas for industrial control and data-oriented or information management-oriented computers are not the same. For example, computers intended for industrial control often do not require mass storage and sophisticated program development systems,