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颅脑损伤已成为严重的公共卫生问题,目前尽管治疗方法已改进和规范化,但是致残率和病死率仍是较高,究其主要原因为脑水肿所导致的弥漫性脑肿胀造成一系列的继发损伤。近年来,MMP-9(matrix metal oprote inases 9)与创伤性脑水肿及细胞损伤的影响引起了很大重视,MMP-9在血管再生、炎性反应、血脑屏障的破坏中起重要作用。MMP-9的表达可以降低血管基底膜蛋白表达和紧密连接蛋白的表达,促进血脑屏障的通透性,加重脑水肿。Lamin in是细胞外基质的主要成分,对细胞存活及防止凋亡发生具有重要作用,活化的MMP-9能够降解细胞外基质lamin in,促进细胞凋亡。表明神经元的损伤与MMP-9有关,抑制MMP-9能降低神经元的损伤。通过相关信号通路,可以抑制MMP-9的高表达,如阻断ERK通路、TNF-α通路可以下调MMP-9的表达,减轻脑水肿。现就MMP-9对颅脑损伤的影响机理给予综述。
Brain injury has become a serious public health problem, although the treatment has been improved and standardized, but the morbidity and mortality is still high, mainly due to brain edema caused by diffuse brain swelling caused a series of Secondary damage. In recent years, the influence of MMP-9 on traumatic brain edema and cell injury has drawn great attention. MMP-9 plays an important role in the process of vascular regeneration, inflammatory reaction and the destruction of the blood-brain barrier. The expression of MMP-9 can reduce the expression of vascular basement membrane protein and tight junction protein, promote the permeability of blood-brain barrier and aggravate cerebral edema. Lamin in is the main component of the extracellular matrix, which plays an important role in cell survival and preventing apoptosis. Activated MMP-9 can degrade lamin in the extracellular matrix and promote apoptosis. It is suggested that the damage of neurons is related to MMP-9, and the inhibition of MMP-9 can reduce the damage of neurons. Through the relevant signaling pathway, it can inhibit the high expression of MMP-9, such as blocking the ERK pathway, TNF-α pathway can down-regulate the expression of MMP-9 and reduce cerebral edema. The mechanism of MMP-9 on brain injury is reviewed.