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国内外多次台风灾后调查数据显示,造成建筑物严重破坏的主要原因是由于门、窗以及围护结构突然破坏致使结构表面出现洞口后瞬间增大的风致内压与外风压的联合作用。通过应用计算流体力学软件Fluent 6.3对风致内压进行了多种工况的数值模拟。与已有模型实测结果及理论预测值的对比显示,数值模拟方法具有较高精度,证明了数值模拟应用于内风压研究的有效性,并对误差产生原因进行了详细分析。分别对0°风向角下5种单一主洞口、0°风向角下多洞口和一定面积比不同风向角等3个方面进行了模拟。当结构表面出现单一主洞口时,平均内风压系数等于洞口处外风压系数平均值。在0°风向角多洞口工况下,内风压系数随着迎风纵墙与山墙开洞面积比的增大而增大。在一定面积比不同风向角工况下,内风压系数和屋面升力均随着风向角的增大而减小。根据研究所得到的结论,建议沿海台风多发区的结构设计应考虑风致内压。
The data from many typhoon disasters at home and abroad show that the main cause of serious damage to buildings is the combined effect of wind-induced internal pressure and external wind pressure caused by the sudden destruction of the doors, windows and the envelope after the emergence of the openings on the structure surface. Through the application of computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 6.3, the wind induced internal pressure was numerically simulated under various conditions. The comparison between the measured results and the theoretical predictions shows that the numerical simulation method has high precision and the validity of the numerical simulation applied to the study of internal wind pressure is proved. The reason of the error is analyzed in detail. Three kinds of single main holes at 0 ° wind direction angle, multiple holes at 0 ° wind direction angle, and different wind direction angles at a certain area ratio were simulated respectively. When a single main hole appears on the surface of the structure, the average internal air pressure coefficient is equal to the average value of the external air pressure coefficients at the entrance. Under the conditions of multi-hole at 0 ° wind direction, the internal air pressure coefficient increases with the increase of the ratio of the opening area between the longitudinal wall and the gable wall. Under a certain area ratio and different wind direction angle conditions, the internal wind pressure coefficient and roof lift force decrease with the increase of wind direction angle. According to the conclusions of the study, it is suggested that the wind pressure should be taken into account in the structural design of the coastal typhoon prone areas.