In this paper, optical fiber chaotic secure communication is proposed bycoupling chaotic laser synchronous system with optical fiber propagation channel.Feedback synchronous system of chaotic semiconductor lasers is presented andsynchronous error and decoding formulae are demonstrated. Synchronization betweentwo chaotic laser systems with distributed feedback semiconductor lasers at wavelengthof 1.31 μm is simulatively achieved with almost zero synchronous error. Parametermismatch, synchronous transient response and noise effect on the system are studied.Robustness of synchronization and anti-perturbation can increase by increasing thefeedback coefficient of the system. Influence of group-velocity-dispersion and self-phasemodulation of optical fiber on chaotic laser signal and synchronization are analyzed, and itis found that group-velocity-dispersion affects pulse shape, synchronization and decoding,and limits optical fiber propagation distances, and self-phase modulation does not affectpulse shape, w In this paper, optical fiber chaotic secure communication is proposed bycoupling chaotic laser synchronous system with optical fiber propagation channel. Fedback synchronous system of chaotic semiconductor lasers is presented and synchronous error and decoding formulae are demonstrated. Synchronization betweentwo chaotic laser systems with distributed feedback semiconductor lasers at Wavelength of 1.31 μm is simulatively achieved with almost zero synchronous error. Parametermismatch, synchronous transient response and noise effect on the system are studied. Robustness of synchronization and anti-perturbation can increase by increasing thefeedback coefficient of the system. Influence of group-velocity-dispersion and self-phase modulation of optical fibers on chaotic laser signals and synchronization are analyzed, and itis found that group-velocity-dispersion affects pulse shape, synchronization and decoding, and limits optical fiber propagation distances, and self-phase modulation does not af fectpulse shape, w