视黄酸诱导基因-I样受体(RLRs)是近年来发现的一类重要的模式识别受体。它能够通过识别病毒核酸如5’-三磷酸化的ssRNA和与长度相关的dsRNA,激活IPS-1、MITA等一系列信号分子,通过NF-kB和IRF-3/7两条通路引起I型干扰素等细胞因子的表达,进而发挥抗病毒效应。机体可通过多种调控因子对RLRs信号通路进行精细调控。RLRs信号通路对于理解机体抗病毒固有免疫应答具有重要价值。 Retinoic acid-induced gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) are an important class of pattern recognition receptors found in recent years. It can activate a series of signaling molecules such as IPS-1 and MITA by recognizing viral nucleic acids such as 5’-trisphosphorylated ssRNA and length-related dsRNA, and induce type I through NF-κB and IRF-3/7 pathways Interferon and other cytokines, and then play antiviral effect. The body regulates the RLRs signaling pathways through a variety of regulatory factors. The RLRs signaling pathway is of great value for understanding the antiviral innate immune response in the body.