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目的分析1998-2010年通州区狂犬病流行病学特征,为科学防治提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对1998-2010年通州区狂犬病疫情资料和流行病学调查资料进行统计分析。结果 1998-2010年通州区共发生狂犬病34例,病死率100%。疫情分布在14个镇(区),占所有镇(区)的70%,无明显季节性;狂犬病人均有被犬所伤史,82.35%未进行伤口处理或伤口处理不规范,73.53%未注射疫苗,仅1例注射血清。平均潜伏期82d,越接近头面部者潜伏期越短。结论暴露后规范处理是预防狂犬病发作的关键因素,因此普及群众狂犬病防治知识,规范伤口处理,降低疫苗接种费用,提高暴露后人群免疫率,是目前急需采取的预防控制措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Tongzhou District from 1998 to 2010, and provide the basis for scientific prevention and treatment. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological data and epidemiological data of rabies in Tongzhou District from 1998 to 2010. Results In 1998-2010, 34 cases of rabies occurred in Tongzhou District, with a case fatality rate of 100%. The outbreaks were distributed in 14 towns (districts), accounting for 70% of all towns (districts). There was no obvious seasonal pattern in rabies patients. The rabies patients were both injured by dogs, 82.35% were not treated by wounds or were not treated by wounds, 73.53% Vaccine, only 1 case of injected serum. The average incubation period 82d, the closer to the head and face, the shorter the incubation period. Conclusions Post-exposure standard treatment is the key factor to prevent the onset of rabies. Therefore, popularizing knowledge of rabies prevention and control, standardizing wound management, reducing the cost of vaccination and increasing the rate of post-exposure population immunization are the preventive measures that urgently need to be taken.