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以六拐曲轴为例,运用Transvalor Forge-3D有限元模拟软件模拟了曲轴热锻过程的温度场、应变场以及金属流动情况。研究表明,飞边区域分模面处的温度明显高于工件内部区域,应变较大,塑性变形激烈,金属流动较复杂。从三维角度观察热锻过程中金属的流向,发现原材料中心次优层金属在热锻过程中易流到轴颈内侧,使次优层金属暴露在锻件表层或近表层,从而出现磁痕。研究预测出现磁痕的位置与实际相符,并提出修改预锻型腔尺寸、提高锻造温度等预防出现磁痕的措施。
Taking the six-crank crankshaft as an example, the temperature field, strain field and metal flow in the hot forging process of crankshaft were simulated by Transvalor Forge-3D finite element software. The research shows that the temperature at the parting surface of the flash area is obviously higher than the internal area of the workpiece, the strain is larger, the plastic deformation is intense, and the metal flow is more complicated. From the three-dimensional perspective, the flow of metal during hot forging process was observed. It was found that the sub-optimal layer of metal in the center of the material easily flowed to the inner side of the journal during hot forging, so that the sub-optimal layer of metal was exposed on the surface or near surface of the forging. It is predicted that the location of the magnetic mark coincides with the actual situation, and measures to prevent the magnetic mark from being prepared by modifying the size of the forging cavity and increasing the forging temperature are proposed.