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传统的固定外特性电源对焊接电弧的控制常难于达到最佳效果。为此，提出了三维外特性的概念，并对其进行了数学描述。在此基础上，分析了弧焊电源系统必须满足的两个必要条件，并设计了微机控制的绝缘栅双极型晶体管（ＩＧＢＴ）逆变电源，该电源可通过分析电弧状态及焊接工艺要求实时调整其输出，实现了焊接电弧的三维外特性控制。实验表明，三维外特性控制用于ＣＯ２焊接时减少了飞溅，改善了焊缝成形，用于纤维素焊条全位置焊时，解决了断弧和熄弧难题。
The traditional fixed external power supply of the arc welding control is often difficult to achieve the best results. To this end, the concept of three-dimensional external characteristics is proposed and its mathematical description is given. On this basis, the two necessary conditions that must be met in the arc welding power system are analyzed, and a microcomputer-controlled insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter power supply is designed. The power supply can analyze the arc state and the welding process in real time Adjust its output, to achieve a three-dimensional welding arc control of the external characteristics. Experiments show that the three-dimensional control of external characteristics for CO2 welding to reduce spatter and improve the weld formation, for the full position welding of cellulose electrodes to solve the arc and arc out the problem.