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目的了解雅安市尘肺病流行特征,为尘肺病防治提供科学依据。方法对雅安市2010-2012年新增尘肺职业病诊断资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2010-2012年全市共诊断405例尘肺,均以Ⅰ期尘肺为主,尘肺病种以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,分别占新增病例的80.99%和12.84%。工种分布构成比不同(χ2=439.066,P<0.001):采煤工最多(42.72%)、其次是掘进工(13.09%)和采煤混合工(13.83%)、选矿工最少(0.99%)。雅安市尘肺病例主要分布在煤炭开采(80.99%)、冶金(1.98%)、有色金属(4.2%)行业。地区分布情况,荥经县尘肺病例最多,占64%。尘肺平均发病年龄为(46.69±9.12)岁,平均接尘工龄为(9.88±7.56)岁;尘肺合并结核率为8.64%。结论雅安市2010-2012年新增尘肺患者以Ⅰ期为主,采煤工为重点防治人群,煤工尘肺和矽肺为防治重点,煤炭行业为重点防治行业。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Ya’an and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Methods The epidemiological analysis of the diagnostic data of pneumoconiosis occupational diseases newly added in Ya’an from 2010 to 2012 was conducted. Results A total of 405 cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in the city from 2010 to 2012. Most cases were stage I pneumoconiosis. Coal pneumoconiosis and silicosis were the main types of pneumoconiosis, accounting for 80.99% and 12.84% respectively of the newly added cases. (Χ2 = 439.066, P <0.001): the coal miners are the largest (42.72%), followed by the tunneling workers (13.09%) and coal mining mix workers (13.83%), the least beneficiary miners (0.99%). The cases of pneumoconiosis in Ya’an City are mainly distributed in coal mining (80.99%), metallurgy (1.98%) and non-ferrous metals (4.2%). Regional distribution, Yingjing County, the largest number of pneumoconiosis cases, accounting for 64%. The average age of pneumoconiosis was (46.69 ± 9.12) years old, the average dusting age was (9.88 ± 7.56) years. The rate of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis was 8.64%. Conclusions The new pneumoconiosis patients in Ya’an from 2010 to 2012 are mainly stage I, with coal miners as the key prevention and treatment crowd, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and silicosis as the key prevention and treatment targets, and the coal industry as the key prevention and control industry.