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目的分析兰州市尘肺病发病情况,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法对2006-2010年兰州市新发尘肺病监测资料用Excel和SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果2006-2010年兰州市共报告各种新发尘肺病264例,发病呈增长趋势。兰州市七里河区、永登县及红古区的新发病例较多,占81.8%。不同种类尘肺中,煤工尘肺最多,占46.6%。不同分期尘肺中,壹期病例最多,占83.3%。平均发病年龄为(53.5±11.1)岁,平均接尘工龄为(24.4±10.8)a;平均发病年龄和平均接尘工龄由大到小均依次为煤工尘肺、其他尘肺、矽肺;新发病例主要来源于非公有制企业(49.2%)和中小型企业(59.1%),非公有制企业尘肺平均接尘工龄较公有制企业短。煤炭开采和洗选业病例较多,占42.4%;工种主要分布在矿山开采,占43.6%;开始接尘年代在1971-1980年间新发病例最多,占37.9%。结论兰州市尘肺病发病情况不容乐观,应重点监管中小型非公有制企业,重点加强对煤矿工人和企业退休前后工人的职业健康检查。
Objective To analyze the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Lanzhou and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and cure measures. Methods The monitoring data of new onset pneumoconiosis in Lanzhou City from 2006 to 2010 were statistically analyzed with Excel and SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Results A total of 264 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Lanzhou city from 2006 to 2010, with a rising trend. Lanzhou Qilihe District, Yongdeng County and red old district more cases of new cases, accounting for 81.8%. Among the different types of pneumoconiosis, coal workers have the largest number of pneumoconiosis, accounting for 46.6%. Different phases of pneumoconiosis, one case up to 83.3%. The average age of onset was (53.5 ± 11.1) years and the average dusting age was (24.4 ± 10.8) days. The average age at onset and the average dusting age ranged from coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, other pneumoconiosis and silicosis to new onset Mainly from non-public-owned enterprises (49.2%) and small and medium-sized enterprises (59.1%), non-public-sector enterprises have a shorter average length of dust-exposed workers than public-owned enterprises. Coal mining and washing industry more cases, accounting for 42.4%; types of work are mainly located in the mining, accounting for 43.6%; began to catch the dust in 1971-1980 most cases of new cases, accounting for 37.9%. Conclusion The incidence of pneumoconiosis in Lanzhou City is not optimistic. We should supervise the small and medium-sized non-public-owned enterprises and strengthen the occupational health examination of coal miners and enterprises before and after retirement.