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肝细胞癌(肝癌,hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球范围内发生率和死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤之一。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类内源性、非编码、高度保守的单链小分子RNA,主要在转录后水平抑制靶基因的表达。有些位置相近的miRNA基因在染色体上成簇排列,在一个多顺反子内形成miRNA基因簇,通常以共表达的形式协同作用。在人类14号染色体长臂端的14q32印迹基因区域约215 kb的基因组范围内,聚集了52个miRNA基因。已有研究发现此miRNA基因簇的异常表达与肝癌的发生发展密切相关。该文概括了14q32 miRNA基因簇的结构特点,并对其在肝癌发生发展过程中所发挥的作用进行了综述。
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding and highly conserved single-stranded small RNA molecules that inhibit target gene expression mainly at post-transcriptional level. Some closely related miRNAs are clustered on chromosomes and form miRNA clusters within one polycistronic, which usually act synergistically in the form of co-expression. Fifty-two miRNA genes were clustered in the region of about 215 kb in the region of the 14q32 blot gene on the long arm of human chromosome 14. It has been found that the miRNA gene cluster abnormal expression is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver cancer. This article summarizes the structural features of the 14q32 miRNA gene cluster and reviews its role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.