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为川西亚高山人工林水源涵养效益评价与林分结构合理配置提供科学依据,对该区不同恢复阶段的人工针叶林类型林地枯落物蓄积量及其最大持水量、土壤贮水与渗透性能进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:(1)林地枯落物蓄积量随林龄增大而增加,排序为:70 a云杉林(F)>40 a云杉林(C)>40 a云杉-落叶松林(E)>55 a云杉林(B)>40 a落叶松林(D)>桦木林(BF)>25 a云杉-落叶松林(A)>灌木林(SF)>裸露地(BL),林地枯落物最大持水量也呈相同的趋势。(2)随土壤深度增加,土壤容重逐渐增大,有机质与非毛管孔隙度逐渐减小,土壤pH、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度变化趋势不明显。(3)在0～30 cm土层,滞留贮水量在363.2～703.7 t/hm2,排序为:E>C>F>SF>D>BF>B>A>BL;最大贮水量在1 229.4～2 315.4 t/hm2,排序为:SF>D>F>E>A>B>BF>C>BL。(4)在0～20 cm土层,初渗率在0.80～25.95 mm/min,排序为:C>D>E>BF>B>SF>F>A>BL;稳渗率在0.55～4.25 mm/min,排序为:BF>E>SF>A>B>F>D>C>BL。(5)各渗透率指标与土壤容重极显著负相关(P<0.01),与有机质含量、非毛管孔隙度极显著正相关(P<0.01);稳渗率与枯落物蓄积量显著正相关(P<0.05)。
This study provided a scientific basis for evaluation of water conservation benefits and rational allocation of stand structure of subalpine plantations in western Sichuan. Based on the results, the litter quantity, maximum water holding capacity, soil water storage and permeability of artificial coniferous forest in different restoration stages in this area Conducted a pilot study. The results showed as follows: (1) The stock volume of litter in forestland increased with increasing age, and the order was: 70 a spruce forest (F)> 40 a spruce forest (C)> 40 a spruce-larch forest E> 55 a Spruce forest> 40 a Larch> Dc> 25 a Picea-Larix (A)> Shrub (SF)> Bare (BL), woodland The maximum water holding capacity of litter also showed the same trend. (2) With the increase of soil depth, the bulk density of soil increased gradually, and the porosity of organic matter and non-capillary tube decreased gradually. The change trend of soil pH, capillary porosity and total porosity were not obvious. (3) In the 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer, the retention water storage was 363.2 ~ 703.7 t / hm2, and the order was: E> C> F> SF> D> BF> B> A> 2 315.4 t / hm2, sorted as: SF> D> F> E> A> B> BF> C> BL. (4) The initial infiltration rate ranged from 0.80 to 25.95 mm / min in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer, and the order was C> D> E> BF> B> SF> F> A> BL. mm / min, sorted as: BF> E> SF> A> B> F> D> C> BL. (5) There was a significant negative correlation between permeability index and soil bulk density (P <0.01), and significant positive correlation with organic matter content and non-capillary porosity (P <0.01). The steady infiltration rate was positively correlated with litter volume (P <0.05).