一、前言白云鄂博矿是我国特有的富含铁、稀土、铌和氟的大型多金属矿床,其中萤石型中贫铁矿石约占其总矿量的1/3。这种铁矿石的特点是含稀土高(TRxOy>7.5％),铌高(Nb_2O_5>0.15％),氟高(F>10％),它可以直接入高炉炼铁。经高炉冶炼,铌大部分转入铁中,而稀土和氟绝大部分留存于炉渣中,形成特有的高炉富稀土渣。以往这种高炉富稀土渣主要用于生产稀土合金,资 I. Introduction The Bayan Obo mine is a large-scale polymetallic deposit rich in iron, rare earth, niobium and fluorine in China. Among them, the fluorite-type iron ore accounts for about 1/3 of its total ore amount. This iron ore is characterized by high REE (> 7.5%), high niobium (Nb2O5> 0.15%) and high fluorine (F> 10%), which can be directly injected into the blast furnace. After the blast furnace smelting, most of the niobium into iron, while the vast majority of rare earth and fluorine retained in the slag, forming a unique blast rich rare earth slag. In the past this rare earth rich blast furnace slag is mainly used for the production of rare earth alloys, capital