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国际单项体育联合会的合法性主要体现在结果合法性、程序合法性和结构合法性。由于无法回应受众群体的期望,国际单项体育联合会的合法性赤字越来越高。意识到合法性受到威胁,国际单项体育联合会采取自我合法化、横向合法化和制度改革,但这些努力并未有效解决其问题。由于腐败、内部利益相关者不满、效率缺失等治理不善问题,在国际足联、国际田联、国际拳联等数个国际单项体育联合会中已经出现严重的合法性危机,甚至有可能导致全球体育治理体系的坍塌和失序。研究使用组织行为学中的委托—代理理论模型,对35家管理奥林匹克运动项目的国际单项体育联合会进行了假设检验分析。结论显示国际单项体育联合会合法性危机产生的首要原因,是在筛查监管、信息公开、行政程序、提名选举等制度上存在重大缺陷。为了弥补上述缺陷,国际单项体育联合会必须进行彻底改革,设立多种控制机制,监督和制约决策层和管理层人士的行为。
The legitimacy of the International Sports Federations is mainly reflected in the legitimacy of the results, procedural legitimacy and structural legitimacy. Due to the inability to respond to the expectations of the audience, IFC’s legitimacy deficit is getting higher and higher. Realizing that the legitimacy is under threat, the IUF adopts self-legitimacy, horizontal legalization and institutional reform, but these efforts have not effectively addressed its problems. Due to corruption, internal stakeholder dissatisfaction, lack of efficiency and other governance problems, in the FIFA, IAAF, FIVB and several other international individual sports federation has been a serious crisis of legitimacy, and may even lead to global Sports management system collapse and disorder. Using the principal-agent theory model in organizational behavior, this study conducted hypothesis testing and analysis on 35 international sports federations that manage the Olympic Games. The conclusion shows that the primary reason for the legality crisis of the international sports federation is the existence of major defects in the systems of screening supervision, information disclosure, administrative procedures, nomination and election. In order to remedy the above shortcomings, the International Federation of Sports Federations must carry out radical reforms and establish various control mechanisms to supervise and constrain the behavior of policy makers and management personnel.