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天马一曲村墓地位于山西省南部曲沃和翼城两县交界处的侯马盆地北部边缘,根据多年的考古调查和钻探、发掘,西周、春秋时期的墓葬主要集中分布在两个地点:一处在现曲村镇以北的中、小型墓葬密集分布区;另一处为1992年发现的大型墓葬区,位于遗址的中心部位,即晋侯墓地。1980年～1989年,北京大学与山西省考古研究所联合对该遗址曲村镇以北进行了6次大规模的考古发掘,清理西周、春秋时期的中、小墓葬641座。该墓地不仅规模大,而且人骨收集及鉴定工作做得比较好,适合作人口方面的研究。本文依据《天马一曲村》考古报告拟对天马一曲村遗址中、小墓葬的人口自然结构及平均寿命作以初步研究。
The cemetery of Tianma Village is located on the northern margin of the Houma Basin at the junction of Quwo and Yicheng County in southern Shanxi Province. According to years of archeological investigation and drilling, excavations, tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period are mainly concentrated in two locations: one Located in the village of song and dance in the north of the village of dense distribution of small tombs; the other is found in 1992, a large burial area, located in the center of the site, that is, the Jinhou cemetery. From 1980 to 1989, Peking University and Shanxi Institute of Archeology jointly conducted 6 large-scale archeological excavations to the north of Ququ Town in this site, clearing 641 middle and small tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Period. The cemetery is not only large-scale, but also human bone collection and identification work done better, suitable for population research. Based on the archeological report of “Pegasus and the Village”, this paper attempts to make a preliminary study on the natural structure and average life expectancy of the small and medium-sized tombs in Tianma-a Village Site.