脓毒症是一种常见的以感染引起的全身炎症为特征的临床综合征，是危重症患者的首要死亡原因，但其有效治疗方案有限。基于脓毒症的本质是体内失控的炎症反应，脓毒症的免疫调理治疗成为目前研究的热点。其治疗主要包括针对过度炎症的抗炎治疗以及针对免疫抑制的增强免疫治疗。根据脓毒症患者所处免疫功能状态的个体化、有针对性的治疗方案为脓毒症患者带来了新的希望。“,”Sepsis,a common clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation caused by infec-tion,is the leading cause of death amongst critically ill patients,however,there is still no effective therapy.As the essence of sepsis is the uncontrolled inflammatory response,immune modulation therapy including anti-inflammatory treatment for excessive inflammation and enhanced immunotherapy for immune suppression has become a hot research topic.The individualized,targeted therapy for sepsis patients has brought new hope to the patients.