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[目的]研究生活垃圾焚烧作业职业病危害风险控制措施并确定其优先顺序。[方法]参照世界卫生组织工作场所危害预防控制的优先等级和策略原则,通过工艺分析,确定生活垃圾焚烧的工艺单元、作业方式、职业病危害因素。通过危害风险控制措施分析,确定焚烧作业可采取的危害风险控制措施及其优先顺序。通过作业场所危害因素检测评估防护措施和优先顺序的适用性。[结果]根据生活垃圾焚烧的作业特点,可采取发生源控制措施包括危害消除、设备维护保养、湿式作业、防噪减振措施,播散途径控制措施包括密闭、隔离措施、局部通风、全室通风措施,工人层面的防护措施包括操作和组织措施、教育和培训措施、个体防护措施,其他控制措施包括布局措施、管理措施、警示标识措施。通过评估,上述措施的优先顺序为发生源控制、播散途径控制、工人层面防护,采取上述措施的同时需采取管理等其他控制措施。[结论]研究确定的职业病危害风险控制措施及其优先顺序可为生活垃圾焚烧行业的危害防护提供有针对性的参考。
[Objective] To study and determine the priority of risk control of occupational hazards in domestic waste incineration. [Method] With reference to the priorities and strategic principles of WHO Hazard Prevention and Control at Workplaces, the process units, operation modes and occupational hazards of MSW incineration were determined through process analysis. Hazard risk control measures through the analysis to determine the incineration operations can take risk control measures and their priority. Evaluate the suitability of protective measures and priorities through workplace hazards testing. [Result] According to the operation characteristics of MSW incineration, the control measures of occurrence source including hazard elimination, equipment maintenance, wet work, noise and vibration reduction measures can be taken. The control measures of dissemination route include confinement, isolation measures, local ventilation, Ventilation measures, protective measures at the worker level include operational and organizational measures, education and training measures, individual protective measures and other control measures including layout measures, management measures and warning identification measures. According to the assessment, the priority of the above measures is source control, dissemination route control and workers’ protection. The above measures should be taken while other control measures such as management are taken. [Conclusion] The research on risk control measures of occupational hazards and their prioritization may provide a targeted reference for the hazard protection of domestic waste incineration industry.