目的：了解北京市小学生近视的患病情况及影响因素，为制定有效的近视防控措施提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对4321名小学生进行调查，共4249名完成调查问卷和验光检查。结果近视患病率为36.71%±0.74%，女生患病率明显高于男生。多变量回归分析示近视患病率与年龄增长、父母近视、阅读姿势不端正、读写时眼与书本距离近、每天学习时间长、每次连续学习时间长有关，而课外阅读物字体大对近视有保护作用。结论应根据分析结果采取相应措施对近视进行防控。“,”Objective To study the prevalence of myopia and its presently associated factors in primary school students in Beijing. Method A school-based prevalence survey on myopia was conducted in Chaoyang dis-trict of Beijing. SAS 8.0 software was used in statistical analysis and Logistic regression analysis was used in risk factors for myopia. Results Myopia was the most common type of refractive error. It was found in 36.71%±0.74% of the children. The prevalence of myopia in this sample was significantly higher for girls than for boys. Independent risk factors for myopia included female gender, increasing age, myopia history of parents, incorrect reading posture, distance between eyes and books, long time of learning at home every day, long time of continuous learning every time. Bigger font size of extracurricular reading books vs textbooks is a protective factor for myopia. Conclusions More efforts should be conducted on health education of vision and to make appropriate policies to prevent myopia from the childhood.