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射血分数保留的心力衰竭发病率较高,占所有心力衰竭的40%～60%,随着人口老龄化,其发病率逐年上升.射血分数保留的心力衰竭的主要病理生理基础是左室舒张功能障碍导致心室充盈受损.相对于射血分数值,心室舒张期充盈的异常程度与患者的临床表现及预后更相关.超声心动图是临床评估左室舒张功能障碍的首选方法,现主要对超声心动图在射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者左室充盈压的评估进展做一综述.“,”The incidence of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF)is high,and it occurs in 40% to 60%of the patients with heart failure.Because of a great number of older people worldwide ,the incidence of the HFpEF is increasing year by year.The pathophysiology of HFpEF is characterized with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction which impairs left ventricular filling ,leading to a series of clinical symptoms.Compared with left ventricular ejection fraction values ,the degree of abnormal ventricular filling is more related to the severity and prognosis of HFpEF.Echocardiography is the first method used to evaluate left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in various diseases.This paper reviews the progress of echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular filling pressure in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction.