以聚丙交酯为代表讨论了可生物降解聚酯纤维的结构特征与生物降解性能，对聚酯类纤维生物降解的机理、影响因素进行分析，指出聚合物的分子质量及分子链结构、聚集态结构。环境的温度、湿度、ｐＨ值及酶种类等因素对其降解性能有明显的影响，合理控制这些因素，可对其降解速度实现人为控制，以适应不同用途的需要。 The structural characteristics and biodegradability of biodegradable polyester fibers were discussed with polylactide as the representative. The mechanism and influencing factors of biodegradation of polyester fibers were analyzed. The molecular weight, molecular chain structure, structure. Environment temperature, humidity, pH and enzyme types and other factors have a significant impact on their degradation properties, a reasonable control of these factors, the rate of its degradation can be artificially controlled to meet the needs of different uses.