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[目的]为了更好地满足现代农业各种种植环境下作物对水分要求越来越精准,结合土壤含水量与土壤水分势能的概念,设计了土壤水分特征曲线自动检测系统。[方法]利用电子式土壤水分张力传感器实时测定供试盆钵中土壤水分的张力数值,同时采用电子式重量传感器测定土壤重量,利用差减法计算土壤含水量,并绘制土壤水分特征曲线。[结果]通过对江苏地区2种不同质地土壤实地测定得出:质地不同水分特征曲线走势不同,分别为:徐州地区黄河古道砂质土水分特征曲线关系式为Y=-0.000 2X3+0.027 7X2-1.644 5X+38.161,R2=0.991 9;大丰金海农场盐碱土水分特征曲线关系式为Y=-0.002X2-0.426X+39.905,R2=0.991 3。[结论]土壤水分特征曲线自动检测系统可以同时反应土壤含水量和土壤水分势能状况,可反映土壤水分对植物生长的有效性,为科学灌溉提供依据。
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to design a soil moisture characteristic curve automatic detection system to better meet the requirement of crops’ moisture requirement more and more accurately under various planting environments. Combining the concept of soil water content and soil water potential, [Method] The electronic soil moisture tension sensor was used to measure the soil moisture tension in the pot for test in real time. At the same time, the electronic weight sensor was used to measure the soil weight. The soil water content was calculated by the subtraction method and the soil moisture characteristic curve was drawn. [Result] The results showed that the trend of different water characteristic curves in different regions were as follows: The relationship curve of water characteristic curve of sandy soil in the ancient course of Yellow River in Xuzhou was Y = -0.000 2X3 + 0.027 7X2- 1.644 5X + 38.161, R2 = 0.991 9; The relation curve of water characteristics of saline-alkali soil in Dafeng Jinhai farm is Y = -0.002X2-0.426X + 39.905, R2 = 0.991 3. [Conclusion] The automatic detection system of soil water characteristic curve can reflect the soil water content and the potential energy of soil water at the same time, which can reflect the effectiveness of soil moisture on plant growth and provide the basis for scientific irrigation.