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以扬麦5 号、扬麦158 为材料,研究高粒叶比群体建成特点及其培育途径。结果如下:高粒叶比群体,在降低群体起点的基础上,要求出苗-越冬期茎蘖数和叶面积发展较快,干物质积累量大;返青-孕穗期茎蘖数的消长速率较慢,茎蘖成穗率高,群体叶面积和干物质增长平稳;孕穗-成熟期,高效光合叶面积衰减慢,光合势高,花后干物质积累量高,籽粒灌浆速率快、充实度高。粒叶比高的群体,花后冠层叶片的过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性高, 消除植株体内活性氧的能力强,丙二醛(MDA)含量上升速率低,叶片的光合功能期长。籽粒的蔗糖转化酶活性高,促进营养器官中蔗糖向籽粒输送和籽粒中淀粉的合成,有利提高灌浆速率和粒重。
Taking Yangmai 5 and Yangmai 158 as materials, the characteristics and cultivation methods of high grain-leaf ratio population were studied. The results were as follows: The population with high grain-leaf ratio, on the basis of reducing the starting point of the population, required that the number of emergence and emergence-tillering number and leaf area during winter was faster and the accumulation of dry matter was larger; , The tillering rate of stem tiller was high, and the leaf area and dry matter of the population increased steadily. At the booting-maturing stage, the area of photosynthetic leaf declined slowly, the photosynthetic potential was high, the dry matter accumulation was high after flowering, the grain filling rate was fast and the degree of fullness was high. In the populations with higher grain-leaf ratio, the peritrophic canopy leaves had higher activities of peroxidase and catalase, stronger capability of eliminating reactive oxygen species in plants, lower rate of increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, long. Sucrose invertase activity of grain is high, which can promote the sucrose transport to grain and the synthesis of starch in vegetative organs, which can improve filling rate and grain weight.