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目的调查深圳市外来务工女性对保健知识的知晓状况并探讨给予健康教育的方式。方法选择1 997例非户籍人口,在调查人员的指导下,匿名填写问卷调查表。结果 1 997例调查对象生殖卫生知识的知晓情况:未婚外来务工女性生殖卫生知识的总体知晓率(56.82%)低于已婚外来务工女性生殖卫生知识的总体知晓率(67.57%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=140.71,P<0.01)。计划生育知识的知晓情况为:未婚外来务工女性计划生育知识的总体知晓率(54.47%)低于已婚外来务工女性计划生育知识的总体知晓率(81.11%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=811.32,P<0.01)。优生优育知识的知晓情况:未婚外来务工女性优生优育知识的总体知晓率(30.90%)低于已婚外来务工女性优生优育知识的总体知晓率(85.78%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=3 111.05,P<0.01)。1 997例调查对象中,有69%的外来务工女性希望进行面对面的健康教育咨询,其次有16.47%的外来务工女性希望通过讲座获得健康教育知识,有7.76%的调查对象希望从书籍资料中获得健康教育知识,6.76%的调查对象希望通过电话问访的方式得到健康教育。结论深圳外来务工女性中,未婚女性与已婚女性相比较,对生殖卫生知识、计划生育知识以及优生优育知识均了解不足,亟需通过面对面的教育方式给予健康知识的宣教和指导。
Objective To investigate the awareness of migrant workers about health knowledge in Shenzhen and to explore the ways of giving health education. Methods A total of 1 997 non-household population were selected. Under the guidance of investigators, questionnaires were filled in anonymously. Results The awareness of 1 997 respondents on reproductive health knowledge: The overall awareness of female migrant workers ’reproductive health awareness (56.82%) was lower than that of married migrant workers’ reproductive health knowledge (67.57%), with statistical differences Significance (χ2 = 140.71, P <0.01). The awareness of family planning knowledge was as follows: The overall awareness of female FP knowledge (54.47%) for unmarried migrant workers was lower than that of married migrant workers (81.11%) (χ2 = 811.32, P <0.01). The awareness of prenatal and postnatal care knowledge: The overall awareness (30.90%) of unmarried migrant workers’ knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care was lower than that of married migrant workers (85.78%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 3 111.05, P <0.01). Of the 1 997 respondents, 69% of migrant women wished for face-to-face health education counseling, followed by 16.47% of migrant women wishing to obtain health education through lectures, 7.76% of respondents wished to obtain information from books Health education knowledge, 6.76% of the respondents hope to receive health education by telephone interview. Conclusion Among migrant workers in Shenzhen, unmarried women have less understanding of reproductive health knowledge, family planning knowledge and prenatal and postnatal care than married women. Therefore, it is urgent to teach and guide health knowledge through face-to-face education.