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在开发抗人类免疫缺陷症病毒(HIV)感染的疫苗的同时,也要求开发能增强免疫应答的疫苗投递系统及佐剂。有效的疫苗投递系统及佐剂的判定标准是其能否增强抗蛋白抗原的特异性肽表位的抗体应答。由于HIV减毒活疫苗的应用受到限制,HIV疫苗研究则侧重开发病毒重组蛋白亚单位疫苗。吸附于明矾佐剂的包膜蛋白疫苗正在进行免疫治疗及免疫预防的临床研究。许多资料表明改变疫苗中抗原配方可增强其免疫原性,因该抗原能诱导较强的肽表位特异性血清IgG抗体应答。
While developing vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, it is also required to develop vaccine delivery systems and adjuvants that enhance the immune response. Effective vaccine delivery systems and adjuvants are judged by their ability to enhance the antibody response of specific peptide epitopes against protein antigens. Because of the limited use of live attenuated HIV vaccines, HIV vaccine research has focused on the development of viral recombinant protein subunit vaccines. Envelope-protein vaccines adsorbed to alum adjuvant are undergoing clinical trials of immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis. Many sources indicate that altering the immunogenicity of an antigenic formulation in a vaccine can induce a stronger peptide epitope-specific serum IgG antibody response.