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本文运用中国制造业微观企业数据,计算了劳动要素的边际产出水平和劳动要素误置的程度,评估了外资的市场选择行为引致的劳动要素配置效应。研究结果表明:外资的进入会影响劳动要素的配置,但影响方向和程度因外资企业的市场选择行为而异。市场导向型外资企业的劳动要素边际产出高于出口导向型外资企业,与要素最优配置水平下的产出相比,市场导向型外资企业劳动要素的产出缺口更大且呈逐年增长趋势。从福利角度来看,若矫正劳动要素投入存在的错配,福利改善空间更大。本文研究为外资政策的制定和调整以及劳动要素的优化配置提供了理论依据和直接证据。
In this paper, we use the data of manufacturing micro-enterprises in China to calculate the marginal product of labor factor and the degree of labor factor misplacing, and evaluate the effect of labor factor allocation caused by foreign capital’s market choosing behavior. The results show that the entry of foreign capital will affect the allocation of labor factors, but the direction and degree of influence vary according to the market choice behavior of foreign-funded enterprises. The marginal product of labor factor of market-oriented foreign-funded enterprises is higher than that of export-oriented foreign-funded enterprises. Compared with the output under the optimal allocation of factors, the output gap of labor factors of market-oriented foreign-funded enterprises is larger and shows a trend of increasing year by year . From the point of view of welfare, there is room for improvement in welfare if we correct the mismatch in the input of labor factors. This study provides a theoretical basis and direct evidence for the formulation and adjustment of foreign investment policies and the optimal allocation of labor factors.