蛋白尿是儿童肾脏疾病最为常见的临床症状,在其发生和进展的分子机制中,足细胞起到非常重要的作用,越来越多的足细胞相关分子已经被证实与蛋白尿发生的分子机制相关,但是在蛋白尿的诊疗中,这些分子还没有被真正地转化为临床所用。该文以足细胞致蛋白尿发生的分子机制为切入点,探讨其在蛋白尿的监测和治疗两个方面的进展及思考。 Proteinuria is the most common clinical symptom of childhood kidney disease. Podocyte plays a very important role in the molecular mechanisms of its occurrence and progression. More and more podocyte-related molecules have been identified as the molecular mechanism of proteinuria However, in the diagnosis and treatment of proteinuria, these molecules have not really been translated into clinical use. This article takes the molecular mechanism of podocyte proteinuria as the starting point, and discusses its progress in proteinuria monitoring and treatment.