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异化是人和自然在资本主义条件下的非本真存在状态,也是历史得以发展的必要中介和方式。虚无主义是人类生存状况彻底异化的必然结果和意识形态表现,也是资本主义历史所无法规避的必然命运。只有在马克思哲学层面阐明其异化理论,才能理解马克思对异化以及虚无主义所作的具有“原则高度”的理论批判,那就是异化的扬弃必须由异化逻辑自身来实现,虚无主义的扬弃必须以异化的扬弃为前提条件。在此基础上,本文主张展开具有“原则低度”的现实生活批判,即符合人性地享用商品的使用价值从而恢复人与对象世界的本质关联,从劳动动物和消费动物复归生存动物和精神动物,重新界定人在宇宙中的位置。这是人类当下有限度地克服异化以及虚无主义的现实之路。
Alienation is a non-genuine state of human beings and nature under capitalism and an intermediary and means for the development of history. Nihilism is the inevitable result of complete alienation of human existence and the manifestation of ideology. It is also an inevitable destiny that can not be evaded in the history of capitalism. Only when we clarify the theories of alienation at the Marxist philosophical level can we understand Marx’s theoretical critique of alienation and nihilism with the principle of alienation which must be realized by alienated logic itself and sublation of nihilism must be based on Alienation abandoned as a precondition. On this basis, this paper advocates the development of a critique of real life with “low principle ”, that is to say, it is in line with humanity to enjoy the use value of the commodity so as to restore the essential connection between human and the object world, and return the living animal from the working animal and the consuming animal and Spiritual animals, to redefine people’s position in the universe. This is the way for mankind to have a limited chance of overcoming alienation and nihilism.