在我国经济体制由计划经济向市场经济转轨过程中,国有外贸企业原有的商品垄断、市场垄断、行业垄断的优势逐渐被打破;国家又对进出口政策进行一系列调整,各项宏观经济参数均向不利于外贸企业经营的方向发展,如物价上涨、成本上升、出口退税税率减少、人民币汇率稳中有升、银行贷款利率上升等等,使各国有外贸企业在竞争中的压力越来越大。1995年天津市绝大多数国有外贸企业出现亏损局面,少数企业负债累累。当前各国有外贸企业面临的 In the process of transition from the planned economy to the market economy in China’s economic system, the advantages of the original state-owned foreign trade enterprises’ monopoly of goods, market monopolies, and industry monopolies were gradually broken down; the state also made a series of adjustments to the import and export policies, and various macroeconomic parameters. All have been detrimental to the development of foreign trade companies, such as rising prices, rising costs, reductions in export tax rebates, steady rises in the exchange rate of the renminbi, rising interest rates on bank loans, etc. Big. In 1995, the vast majority of state-owned foreign trade enterprises in Tianjin experienced a loss situation. A few enterprises were heavily in debt. At present, foreign trade companies face