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天然神经兴奋毒素是神经毒素中作用相当专属的一群,它们作用于特定的神经元整体或树突上的某些受体,导致神经元受损或死亡,引起一系列神经毒性症状。已发现的天然神经兴奋毒素有50多种,除了人类生活环境中存在的外源性神经兴备毒素以外,还有许多人体自身产生的内源性神经兴备毒素。它们的深入研究已阐明了多种神经疾病的病因,如软骨藻酸(DA)作用于海马回,产生记忆损害,由于 DA 受体的阐明和其拮抗物的研究,已初步发现了 Hunting-ton 氏病的病因,且已利用 DA 作为筛选治疗该病的药物的工具,筛选到一系列化合物。从目前己开发的治疗该病的药物,可以预计天然神经兴奋毒素及其拮抗物的研究,将是未来的毒理学和药理学中重要的热点之一。
Natural nerve excitatory toxins are a fairly specialized group of neurotoxins that act on specific receptors on whole or dendritic neurons, resulting in the breakdown or death of neurons, causing a range of neurotoxic symptoms. There are more than 50 kinds of natural nerve excitotoxins that have been found. In addition to the exogenous neurotrophic toxins present in the human environment, there are many endogenous neurotrophic toxins produced by the body itself. Their in-depth study has elucidated the etiology of a variety of neurological diseases, such as domoic acid (DA) acting on the hippocampus, resulting in memory impairment, as the DA receptor elucidation and its antagonists have been initially found Hunting-ton And has used DA as a tool for screening drugs for the treatment of the disease, screening a series of compounds. From the currently developed drugs for the treatment of the disease, it can be expected that the study of natural nerve excitotoxins and their antagonists will be one of the important hot topics in future toxicology and pharmacology.