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中医以昆虫入药,在两千多年里积累了丰富的临床经验。近年来,随着天然药物研究技术不断的发展,昆虫多糖的生物学活性被不断发现,人们对于药用昆虫多糖的研究也越来越广泛和深入。本综述通过查阅近年来有关药用昆虫多糖的资料文献,从提取分离、结构研究、药理活性三个方面总结、分析了近年来有关药用昆虫多糖的研究成果,希望可以为相关研究人员提供借鉴。目前,昆虫多糖提取分离的方法包括水提醇沉法、碱液提取法和酶解法。尽管药用昆虫多糖的结构研究报道较少,但已发现,昆虫多糖的结构比植物多糖和真菌多糖更复杂,大多为蛋白聚糖,组成的单糖种类较多。昆虫多糖具有多种药理活性,在免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血栓及抗过敏等方面作用突出。
Chinese medicine to insects into medicine, in 2000 years has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. In recent years, with the continuous development of natural medicine research techniques, the biological activity of insect polysaccharides has been continuously discovered, and people are more and more extensive and extensive in the research on the medicinal insect polysaccharides. This review summarizes the research results of medicinal insect polysaccharides from three aspects of extraction and isolation, structural studies and pharmacological activities by referring to the literature data of medicinal insect polysaccharides in recent years, hoping to provide reference for the relevant researchers . At present, the methods for extracting and separating insect polysaccharides include water extraction and alcohol precipitation, lye extraction and enzymolysis. Although there are few reports on the structure of medicinal insect polysaccharides, it has been found that the structure of insect polysaccharides is more complex than that of plant polysaccharides and fungal polysaccharides, most of them are proteoglycans, and the composition of monosaccharides is more. Insect polysaccharides with a variety of pharmacological activity, in the immune regulation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-thrombosis and anti-allergic aspects of outstanding.