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从完成土地改革到农业集体化高潮前夕,在农村阶级结构出现中农化趋势过程中,中国农村仍有一部分土地改革前的贫农没有上升到中农的经济水平,还有少数其他阶层的农民经济下降,只有贫农的水平,笔者将他们称之为新时期的贫农,简称新贫农。本文以湖北省为例,对新贫农进行历史的考察,具体地分析他们的经济状况,经济上升慢甚至下降的原因及其发展趋势,国家对新贫农的扶助政策及其成效。并总结当年通过农业集体化途径解决农村贫困问题的历史经验教训,以期为今天农村反贫、扶贫,发展农村经济提供历史的启示与借鉴。
From the time when the land reform was completed to the collectivization of agriculture, during the trend of developing China’s peasants in the rural class structure, some rural poor farmers before land reform did not rise to the middle peasants ’economic level, and the peasants’ economy of a few other strata declined. Only the poor peasants level, I will call them poor farmers in the new era, referred to as the new poor peasants. Taking Hubei Province as an example, this paper makes a historical review of the new poor peasants and analyzes their economic conditions, the reasons for the economic slowdown and even declining, and their development trend, and the state’s policies and achievements in helping the newly poor peasants. And summed up the historical experiences and lessons learned from the solution of rural poverty through agricultural collectivization so as to provide historical inspiration and reference for today’s rural anti-poverty, poverty alleviation and the development of rural economy.