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本文对青海汉语助动词“给”的性质、特点,及其来源作了探求。文中第一部分分析了“给”的基本语法功能是表示“式”范畴,可分为:(一)祈使式,包括愿望式、命令式、允许式和疑问式四种;(二)陈述式,包括一般陈述式和强调陈述式两种。“给”是一个只具有语法功能,而不具有语义功能的形态单位。第二部分是探讨“给”的来源,与阿尔泰语言中的某些助动词和祈使式动词的附加成分作了比较,认为“给”无论就其语法功能来看,还是就其语音形式而言,都同阿尔泰语言有关,“给”是在阿尔泰语言成分的直接影响和渗透下出现的。这也许能为北方汉语的阿尔泰化提供一个佐证。
This paper explores the nature, characteristics and sources of the Chinese adverb “give” in Qinghai. The first part of the paper analyzes the basic grammatical functions of “give” as “type” categories, which can be divided into: (1) imperative, including four types of desire, imperative, admissible and doubtful; (2) , Including general statements and emphasis statements two. “To” is a morphological unit that has only grammatical functions but no semantic function. The second part discusses the origin of “give”, compares it with the additional components of some auxiliary verbs and imperial verbs in the Altaic language, and holds that “giving” is not only a matter of grammatical function but also of its phonetic form , Are related to the Altaic language, and “giving” appears under the direct influence and infiltration of the Altai language component. This may provide a proof of Altai’s Northern Chinese.