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现代的络合物结构理论主要有价键理论、晶体势场和配位势场理论,以及分子轨道理论。价键理论着重讨论络离子的骨架结构,把结合力分为电价键和共价键;晶体势场理论和配位势场理论着重讨论金属离子的价电子行为,把络离子分为高自旋和低自旋两类;分子轨道理论则着重讨论络离子的整体结构,它不区分各类成键电子的特点,也不明显表示共价键的方向性和饱和性。 三种理论各在不同方面和不同程度上反映了络合物结合力的本质,因此它们之间有必然的联系。本文尝试在徐光宪提出的价键轨道理论的基础上分析络离子结合力的本质,并自然地推出上述三种理论的概念和形式。
The modern complex structure theory mainly includes the bond theory, the crystal potential field and the coordination potential field theory, and the molecular orbital theory. The valence bond theory focuses on the framework structure of the complex ion, and divides the binding force into the valence bond and the covalent bond. The crystal potential field theory and the coordination potential field theory focus on the valence electron behavior of metal ions, Spin two types; molecular orbital theory is focused on the overall structure of complex ions, it does not distinguish between the characteristics of various types of bond electrons, nor does it mean that the covalent bond direction and saturation. Each of the three theories reflects the nature of complex binding forces in different aspects and to varying degrees, so there is a necessary relationship between them. This paper attempts to analyze the nature of complexion ion binding force based on the theory of valence bond orbit proposed by Xu Guangxian and naturally introduces the concepts and forms of the above three theories.