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所谓贫困，一般是指人们对物质资料的拥有和消费的匾乏。贫困还具有非经济含义。在当代，贫困已成为一个全球性问题，世界范围内的贫富悬殊日益严重。随着市场经济体制的建立，贫困问题也日益成为中国社会面临的一个不容忽视的问题。造成贫困的原因是多方面的，主要包括自然原因、社会原因、制度原因、个体原因等。贫困现象的存在，总是阻碍社会的进步，对可持续发展的消极影响尤为突出。它严重妨碍了代内公平与代际公平的正常实现，限制了发展能力的培养和发展机会的把握。消除贫困是摆在当代人类面前的一个紧迫任务，任重而道远。除了制度安排等层面上的努力之外，知识经济时代的来临，也为消除贫困开辟了一种新的可能性，同时也潜在着新的矛盾和难题。
The so-called poverty, generally refers to people’s material possession and consumption of plaque. Poverty also has non-economic implications. In the contemporary era, poverty has become a global problem and the gap between the rich and the poor in the world has become increasingly serious. With the establishment of a market economy system, poverty has also increasingly become a problem that Chinese society can not afford to ignore. The causes of poverty are many, including natural causes, social reasons, institutional reasons, individual reasons. The existence of poverty always hinders the progress of society and has a particularly prominent negative impact on sustainable development. It has seriously hampered the normal realization of fairness and intergenerational justice within the generation and has limited the cultivation of development ability and the grasping of development opportunities. Eradicating poverty is an urgent task facing contemporary mankind with a long way to go. In addition to institutional arrangements and other levels of effort, the advent of the era of knowledge economy has also opened up a new possibility for eradicating poverty and also poses new problems and contradictions.