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为探明过量使用除草剂对小麦的危害,通过田间试验研究了2种除草剂(苯磺隆和世玛)常量和倍量喷施对小麦生长发育和旗叶光合特性的影响。结果表明,2种除草剂常量喷施对小麦茎蘖动态、净光合速率、抗氧化酶活性、产量构成因子和产量等影响小于倍量喷施;苯磺隆的影响小于世玛。喷施常量苯磺隆对小麦生长发育、净光合速率、抗氧化酶活性和产量基本无影响,喷施倍量苯磺隆和世玛使小麦生长发育受抑制而减产,倍量世玛处理减产最多,达307.4kg/hm~2,减产4.62%;喷施常量世玛使成穗数减少,但灌浆中后期旗叶净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性提高、功能期延长、穗粒数增加、千粒重提高,产量增加。因此,麦田化学除草时应严格按规定剂量使用,避免过量对小麦造成危害而减产。
In order to find out the harm to the wheat caused by the excessive use of herbicides, the effects of two kinds of herbicides (tribenuron and sima) on the growth and the photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves of wheat were studied by field experiments. The results showed that spraying two kinds of herbicides on wheat tiller dynamics, net photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activity, yield components and yield less than the times spraying; trimeresurus less than the impact of the world. Spraying the constant amount of tribenuron-methyl on wheat growth and development, net photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activity and yield basically no effect on the spraying times the amount of tribenuron-methyl and wheat growth and suppression of wheat growth and yield reduction, Up to 307.4kg / hm ~ 2, and 4.62% decrease. Spraying constant Shima to reduce the number of spike, but the net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activity of flag leaf at the middle and late filling stage increased, Increased grain weight and increased yield. Therefore, wheat field chemical weeding should be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the dose to avoid excessive harm to wheat and cut production.