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厌氧菌的种类很多,常见的有梭状芽胞杆菌属中的破伤风杆菌,肉毒杆菌及产气荚膜杆菌等,还有无芽胞厌氧菌属中的革兰氏阳性或阴性的球菌或杆菌。临床上有芽胞厌氧杆菌以产气荚膜杆菌、难辨杆菌、破伤风杆菌和肉毒杆菌为多见,但就其感染发生的频率远不如无芽胞厌氧菌高。日本长崎大学医院从1970～1979十年间所进行的厌氧菌常规检查,阳性者8,634次,其中无芽胞厌氧菌占95.5%,有芽胞厌氧杆菌仅3.5%。无芽胞厌氧菌所引起的感染,有以下的特点:(1)主要引起化脓和脓肿形成;(2)所致疾病以慢性经过为主;(3)以混合感染为主,除有荚膜者外,一般都要联合两种以上的细菌才能致病;(4)在特殊情况下,无芽胞厌氧菌可单独致病。
There are many types of anaerobic bacteria, common Clostridium tetanus, botulinum, and Clostridium perfringens, there is no Bacillus anaerobic genus of Gram-positive or negative cocci Or bacilli. Clostridium Anaerobes Clostridium perfringens Clostridium difficile, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium tetani, and Clostridium botulinum are more common, but their frequency of infection is far less than that of non-spore-forming anaerobes. Nagasaki University Hospital in Japan from 1970 to 1979 ten years of anaerobic routine examination, positive 8,634 times, of which non-spore-shaped anaerobic bacteria accounted for 95.5%, there is only 3.5% of anaerobic bacteria. Infections caused by non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria have the following characteristics: (1) causing mainly suppurative and abscess formation; (2) predisposing to chronic predisposition; (3) predominantly mixed infections except for capsular , Generally, more than two kinds of bacteria should be combined to cause disease; (4) Under special circumstances, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria can be pathogenic.