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目的探讨5.12地震灾区老年人的抑郁情绪、生活满意度及其相关因素。方法5.12地震后8个月,采用Scl-90抑郁分量表、躯体化分量表、生活满意度量表以及心理韧性量表和社会支持量表对灾区的70名老年组被试和139名青年对照组被试进行施测。结果灾区老年人的抑郁得分略高于青年人(t=1.68,P=0.09),躯体化得分显著高于青年人(t=3.198,P<0.01),生活满意度得分显著高于青年人(t=6.20,P<0.001),老年人的心理韧性得分也显著高于青年人(t=3.11,P<0.01),而社会支持得分显著低于青年人(t=-3.29,P<0.01);心理韧性正向预测生活满意度(β=0.34,P<0.001),而与抑郁、躯体化无关,社会支持负向预测抑郁情绪(β=-0.33,P<0.001),同时正向预测生活满意度(β=0.19,P<0.001)和韧性(β=0.22,P<0.001)。结论与灾区青年人相比,灾区老年人同时表现出较高的抑郁情绪、躯体化和较高的生活满意度,这与老年人拥有较低的社会支持和较高的心理韧性有关,但心理韧性并不能帮助他们缓解抑郁情绪和躯体化,甚至还受到社会支持减少的潜在影响。
Objective To investigate the depression, life satisfaction and related factors of the elderly in 5.12 earthquake-hit areas. Method 5.12 years after the earthquake, 70 elderly subjects in the disaster area and 139 youth control subjects were recruited using Scl-90 Depression Scale, Somatization Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, Mental Toughness Scale and Social Support Scale Subjects were tested. Results The depression scores of the elderly in the disaster area were slightly higher than those of the young people (t = 1.68, P = 0.09), the somatization score was significantly higher than that of the young people (t = 3.198, P <0.01) (t = 3.20, t = 6.20, P <0.001). The scores of psychological resilience of the elderly were also significantly higher than those of the young (t = 3.11, P <0.01) (P = 0.34, P <0.001), while negatively correlated with depression and somatization. Social support negatively predicted depression (β = -0.33, P <0.001), meanwhile, positively predicted life expectancy Satisfaction (β = 0.19, P <0.001) and toughness (β = 0.22, P <0.001). Conclusion Compared with the young people in the disaster-stricken areas, the elderly in the disaster areas showed higher depression, somatization and higher life satisfaction at the same time, which is related to the elderly having lower social support and higher mental resilience, but the psychological Toughness does not help them to alleviate depression and somatization, and even the potential for diminished social support.