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宫内节育器(IUD)设计中的重点是如何降低带器妊娠、脱落、感染、穿孔以及因出血或疼痛而取器。这些副作用的发生显然和子宫的几何学有关。子宫的几何学正常子宫的纵截面是由三个连续的部分组成:①上部内膜腔呈一个等边的梯形。②中间是过渡的峡部。③下部为椭圆形颈管。这些部分有着不同的胚胎学来源及功能活动。子宫上部为子宫内膜所覆盖,子宫肌有极向向下的收缩力;峡部有被动的括约肌作用。根据盆腔检查及子宫切除的标本外观均不能确切地判断峡部的位置。在某些情况下,狭窄
The focus of the IUD design is how to reduce pregnancy, shedding, infection, perforation, as well as bleeding or painful devices. The occurrence of these side effects is clearly related to the geometry of the uterus. The normal geometry of the uterus The longitudinal section of the uterus is composed of three consecutive parts: ① the upper endometrium was an equilateral trapezoid. The middle is the transitional isthmus. ③ the lower part of the oval neck. These sections have different sources of embryology and functional activities. The upper part of the uterus is covered by the endometrium, and the uterine muscle has a downward contracting force. The isthmus has a passive sphincter. According to pelvic examination and hysterectomy specimen appearance can not determine exactly the position of the isthmus. In some cases, it is narrow