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目的了解黄埔区出生缺陷重大疾病发生情况,分析发生出生缺陷的高危因素,为预防出生缺陷的发生提供可靠的科学依据。方法收集2012-2014年参加黄埔区出生缺陷筛查的50例经诊断为畸形胎儿的家庭信息为研究组,收集2012-2014年参加黄埔区出生缺陷筛查的50例未发现重大畸形的儿童家庭信息为对照组。结果根据收集调查资料信息分析发现年龄、不良嗜好、是否计划妊娠以及物理、化学因素影响为黄埔区出生缺陷重大畸形疾病的高危因素。而在出生缺陷重大畸形疾病发生中的不同类型的发生率为:死胎(因重大畸形引起)16例,占32%,最高,其次为先天性心脏病13例(26%),再次为唇腭裂8例(16%),第四为多指3例(6%)。结论加强优生优育宣传力度,提高育龄妇女的保健意识,避免环境因素影响,制定完善的出生缺陷一级预防干预策略,加强孕期的胎儿畸形筛查,加强二级干预措施。多方面采取措施,预防出生缺陷的发生。
Objective To understand the occurrence of major diseases of birth defects in Huangpu District and to analyze the risk factors of birth defects so as to provide a reliable scientific basis for the prevention of birth defects. Methods A total of 50 cases of fetuses diagnosed as malformed fetuses who participated in the screening of birth defects in Huangpu District during 2012-2014 were collected as research groups and 50 children with major deformities who were screened for birth defects from 2012 to 2014 in the Huangpu District Information for the control group. Results According to the information collected from the survey, age, adverse hobby, whether or not to plan pregnancy, and the physical and chemical factors were the risk factors of major deformity malformations in birth defects in Huangpu District. The incidence of different types of major deformities in birth defects was 16 (32%) with stillbirth (due to major deformity), followed by 13 (26%) with congenital heart disease, followed by cleft lip and palate 8 cases (16%), the fourth for more than 3 cases (6%). Conclusions Strengthen the promotion of prenatal and postnatal care, raise the awareness of women of childbearing age, avoid the influence of environmental factors, establish a sound first-degree preventive intervention strategy for birth defects, strengthen fetal screening during pregnancy and strengthen secondary intervention. Take measures in many aspects to prevent birth defects.