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我国古代的四大发明是造纸、火药、指南针和活字印刷.其中前三项是举世公认的.造纸与火药涉及的科学主要是化学.在造纸术发明之前,我国在书写文字时先后用的是龟甲牛骨(甲骨文)、青铜器(钟鼎文)、石头(石鼓文)、竹片(竹简)、木板(版牍)和丝绵(帛),欧洲则书写在石头或羊皮上.汉武帝时,人们用大麻、苎麻造纸.到了东汉,蔡伦改进了造纸法,用树皮、麻头、破布、渔网来造纸,不但原料更加丰富,而且纸张质量得到大幅提高.纸张实际上就是先把原材料中的植物纤维素分离出来,再在帘子(用来托起纸张)上均匀析出的产品.
The four major inventions in ancient China were paper making, gunpowder, compasses and movable type printing, of which the first three were universally acknowledged. The science involved in papermaking and gunpowder was mainly chemistry. Before the invention of papermaking, our country used one after the other in writing (Bone), stone (stone drum), bamboo (bamboo), wood (plate) and silk (silk), while Europe is written in stone or sheepskin .When the Emperor Wu, people use cannabis , Ramie paper.In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun improved the papermaking method, using bark, linen, rags, fishing nets to make paper, not only more abundant raw materials, but also greatly improve the quality of paper.Paper is actually the first plant fiber Element separated, and then in the curtain (used to hold up the paper) on the precipitation of the product.