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目的:采用超声强化亚临界水萃取紫草中挥发油,与超声辅助溶剂萃取、水蒸汽蒸馏法进行比较。方法:考察了挥发油萃取率、萃取物中组成成分、对DPPH自由基的清除能力和还原能力以及对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果。结果:超声强化亚临界水萃取、超声辅助溶剂萃取及水蒸汽蒸馏的挥发油萃取率分别为2.39%、1.93%和0.62%;3种方法得到的挥发油中都检测出6种主要成分,但水蒸汽蒸馏和超声辅助溶剂得到的挥发油还检测出更多的杂质。水蒸汽蒸馏萃取得到的挥发油还原能力及对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果最强,超声强化亚临界水萃取的活性最差。结论:超声强化亚临界水萃取挥发油萃取率最高,含杂质成分少,主要表现在还原能力和抑菌效果最差。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the volatile oil extracted from Lithospermum officinarum by ultrasonic enhanced subcritical water and ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction and steam distillation. Methods: The extraction rate of volatile oil, the composition of the extract, the scavenging ability and reducing ability of DPPH free radical and the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. Results: The extraction rates of essential oil by ultrasonic enhanced subcritical water extraction, ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction and steam distillation were 2.39%, 1.93% and 0.62%, respectively. Six kinds of volatile components were detected in the three methods, but the main components were water vapor Volatile oil from distillation and sonication solvents also detected more impurities. Steam distillation extraction of the volatile oil reduction and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus the strongest inhibitory effect, ultrasonic enhanced subcritical water extraction activity of the worst. Conclusion: The ultrasonic extraction of subcritical water extraction of volatile oil has the highest extraction rate, less impurities, mainly in the reduction ability and the bacteriostatic effect of the worst.