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文化是人类在历史长河中所创造的物质文明和精神文明的总和。文化的创造离不开语言,语言的变化和发展也离不开文化的变化和发展。所以,语言学家一致认为:“语言是文化的载体。”在不同民族的交往中,由于语言文化的差异导致语用失误时常发生。在分析语用失误时,英国语言学家托马斯(JennyThomas,1983)将其分为两类:一是语言本身的语用失误,就是不合操另一民族人的语言习惯,误用表达式。二是社交语用失误,由于不了解双方文化背景差异而影响语言形式选择。
Culture is the sum of material and spiritual civilization created by mankind over a long history. The creation of culture can not be separated from the language. The change and development of language can not be separated from the change and development of culture. Therefore, linguists unanimously hold the view that “language is the carrier of culture.” In the interaction among different ethnic groups, pragmatic failures often occur due to differences in language and culture. In analyzing the pragmatic failure, British linguist Thomas (Jenny Thomas, 1983) will be divided into two categories: First, the pragmatic failure of the language itself, is not compatible with other peoples language habits, misuse of expression. Second, social pragmatic failure, because they do not understand the cultural differences between the two sides affect the choice of language form.