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2019年12月出版的《ESMO临床实践指南：甲状腺癌的诊断、治疗和随访》(ESMO：欧洲肿瘤内科学会)将近年来相关研究进展进行了整合，旨在利用最佳的证据指导临床实践最优化，为医师提供高“性价比”的甲状腺癌诊疗与随访方案。该文重点针对非远处转移性分化型甲状腺癌，从病理诊断与分子生物学、初始复发风险分层与动态评估、放射性碘治疗、长期随诊与管理等方面，对上述指南进行解读，并对比《2015美国甲状腺学会成人甲状腺结节与分化型甲状腺癌指南》及近期发表的相关文献，综述研究进展。“,”Thyroid cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-n up(ESMO: European Society for Medical Oncology)has been published in December 2019, aiming for providing physicians with the best available evidence on particular issues and recommendations for the best care, and providing cost-effective strategies that will minimize the overtreatment risks. In this article, we focused on the differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) without distant metastases to interpret the ESMO guidelines in the following aspects: diagnosis and pathology/molecular biology, risk of persistent or recurrent disease, radioiodine therapy and long-term follow-up, and compared the ESMO guidelines with American Thyroid Association guidelines (2015 n American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer), together with the related consensuses and recent researches, in order to review the progress in radioiodine therapy.n