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英国作为福利国家的创始国,其贫困理论及实践也走在了世界的前列。英国贫困学者彼得·汤森于20世纪70年代首次提出并系统阐述了相对贫困理论,其理论对欧洲乃至世界各国贫困政策的制定产生重大影响。本文旨在介绍汤森的相对贫困理论,梳理其相对收入标准、贫困剥夺标准以及贫困剥夺指数等相关理论内容,并系统研究汤森的相对贫困理论在英国贫困实践中的重大指导意义。
As a founding member of the welfare state, Britain is at the forefront of the world in its theories and practice of poverty. The British poor scholar Peter Townsend first proposed and systematically expounded the theory of relative poverty in the 1970s, and its theory has had a significant impact on the formulation of poverty policies in Europe and the rest of the world. This article aims to introduce Townsend’s theory of relative poverty, combing its relative income standards, standards of deprivation of deprivation, and poverty-deprivation index, and systematically studies the significance of Townsend’s theory of relative poverty in the practice of poverty in the United Kingdom.