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随着网络的发展,IPv4协议逐渐出现其不适应发展的地方。尤其是地址空间的不足导致新的IP产生。IPv6协议是IETF确定的下一代IP。IPv6协议扩展了地址空间,地址字段达到128bit;同时IPv6简化了首部格式,时扩展项和选项进行改进;增加了流标识能力字段和对QoS的支持,提高了安全能力。本文首先对IPv6协议进行了分析和阐述,着重介绍了其较IPv4协议的主要改进及优点,并对IPv4向IPv6过渡的各种手段进行了分析。最后本文对IPv6的未来进行了展望。
With the development of the network, the IPv4 protocol is gradually emerging where it is not suitable for development. In particular, the lack of address space leads to new IP generation. The IPv6 protocol is the next generation of IP identified by the IETF. IPv6 protocol expands the address space, the address field reaches 128bit; at the same time IPv6 simplifies the first format, when extended items and options for improvement; added flow identification ability field and QoS support, improved security capabilities. This paper first analyzes and elaborates the IPv6 protocol, focuses on its main improvements over the IPv4 protocol and its advantages, and analyzes various means of transition from IPv4 to IPv6. In the end, the paper forecasts the future of IPv6.