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目的了解通过“虚假信念”任务的孤独症谱系障碍(autistic spectrum disorders,ASD)儿童在新异故事测验(Strange Stories Test,SST)中的表现特征,为ASD儿童的社交康复训练提供参考。方法采用1∶2配对病例对照研究设计,以15名被中山大学儿童行为与体质发育中心确诊的ASD儿童为研究组,以某小学内与研究组年龄、性别、父母受教育程度、父母职业及家庭经济状况相匹配的30名正常儿童为对照组,进行新异故事测验及韦氏儿童智力量表第4版(WISCIV)测试。结果 ASD组儿童SST中的情境得分(6.40±3.62)低于对照组(12.50±2.94)(t=29.310,P<0.01)。ASD组在白谎、误会、劝说、假装、玩笑5个情境中得分明显低于对照组(P值均<0.05)。仅对照组儿童SST中的情境得分与年龄呈正相关(r=0.513,P<0.01);对照组SST总得分与总智商、ASD组SST总得分与年龄均呈正相关,但均无统计学意义(r值分别为0.064,0.491,P值均>0.05);ASD组SST总得分与总智商呈负相关,但无统计学意义(r=-0.219,P>0.05)。结论随年龄增长,通过“虚假信念”任务的ASD儿童心理理论能力的发展仍落后于正常儿童。
Objective To understand the characteristics of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in Strange Stories Test (SST) through the “False Beliefs” mission and to provide a reference for ASD children’s social rehabilitation training. Methods A 1: 2 matched case-control study was designed. Fifteen ASD children diagnosed by Center for Child Behavior and Physical Development at Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled in this study. The age, sex, education level of parents, The 30 normal children whose family financial status matched each other were taken as control group, and new abnormality test and WISCIV test were conducted. Results The score of SST in children with ASD was significantly lower than that of control (6.40 ± 3.62 vs 12.50 ± 2.94, t = 29.310, P <0.01). The score of ASD group was significantly lower than that of the control group in five situations: white lie, misunderstanding, persuasion, pretense and joke (all P <0.05). Only the score of SST in control group was positively correlated with age (r = 0.513, P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between SST total scores and total intelligence, SST total score and age in control group but no significant difference r = -0.219, P> 0.05). The total score of SST was negatively correlated with total IQ, but there was no significant difference (r = -0.219, P> 0.05). Conclusion With the growth of age, the development of ABD theory of mind through “Faith and Faith” still lags behind that of normal children.