目的了解和掌握克拉玛依市鼠疫自然疫源地秋季鼠类的种类和染蚤率及其体蚤的种类和蚤指数,为该地区秋季鼠疫监测工作提供依据。方法日行鼠类采用一日弓形夹法进行采集,夜行鼠类采用五步夹线法进行采集。捕获后单只装入鼠袋,带回实验室鉴定鼠种,捡蚤并分类鉴定,最后对结果进行统计分析。结果克拉玛依地区的日行鼠类为大沙鼠,夜行鼠类为子午沙鼠、红尾沙鼠、毛脚跳鼠和灰仓鼠;大沙鼠的染蚤率高于夜行鼠类的染蚤率,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.476,P<0.01);大沙鼠的体蚤包括臀突客蚤、长吻角头蚤、叶状切唇蚤突高亚种、秃病蚤指名亚种、修长栉眼蚤指名亚种、无额突怪蚤和后弯怪蚤,夜行鼠类的体蚤包括同形客蚤指名亚种、宽臀纤蚤、叶状切唇蚤突高亚种、秃病蚤指名亚种、修长栉眼蚤指名亚种、裂病蚤、直指副新蚤;大沙鼠体蚤的总蚤指数高于夜行鼠类的总蚤指数,差异有统计学意义(t=14.064,P<0.01)。结论克拉玛依地区秋季鼠类体蚤的种类丰富,蚤指数较高,应加强鼠体寄生蚤的监测工作。 Objective To understand and grasp the autumn rat species and the rate of flea infection, the species of fleas and the flea index in the natural plague plague areas of Karamay City, and provide the basis for the monitoring of plague in autumn in this area. Methods Rodents were collected on day arch clamp method, and night walk rats were collected by five-step clamp method. After capture, it is only loaded into the mouse bag, brought back to the laboratory to identify the mouse species, collected fleas and identified by classification, and finally the results were statistically analyzed. Results The Japanese rodents in Karamay region were gerbils, and the nocturnal mice were Meriones unguiculatus, red-tailed Merino, dermatocostes and gray hamsters. The rates of flea infection in gerbils were higher than those in nocturnal mice , The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.476, P <0.01). The body fleas of the gerbils included Polyps fleece, Haliotis diversiculosus, , Slender eye flea designated subspecies, the amount of strange flea fleece fleece fleece fleece flea night flea flea species include the same name as Isochordis fleecefly, wide-hip flea, leaf-cut lip flea high subspecies, bald Sick flea named subspecies, slender eye flea named subspecies, crack flea, Reward flea; Remy flea flea flea index higher than night nocturnal total flea index, the difference was statistically significant (t = 14.064, P <0.01). Conclusions There are abundant fleas in the autumn of Kelamayi, and the flea index is high, and the monitoring of the parasitic fleas should be strengthened.