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对保山市各植烟烟区施肥、农药、农膜及农作物秸秆处理情况进行调查分析。结果表明,2010—2015年全市植烟土壤烤烟肥料的施用总量随着种植面积的增大而增加;烟区农药用量年均约为359.80 t;年均农作物秸秆量20万t左右,秸秆还田及燃料利用率仅为55.50%;年均农膜用量约2 391.14 t,土壤中残膜率约达10.68%。从调查分析结果来看,肥料和农药施用结构不合理、农作物秸秆利用率较低,这些是植烟土壤面源污染源的主要因子,应采取有效措施加以防治。
Investigation and analysis of fertilization, pesticide, plastic sheeting and crop straw treatment in tobacco growing areas in Baoshan City. The results showed that the total amount of tobacco fertilizer application in tobacco-growing soil increased with the increase of planting area from 2010 to 2015. The average amount of pesticide used in tobacco growing area was about 359.80 t, the annual average amount of crop straw was about 200 thousand t, Field and fuel utilization rate of only 55.50%; average annual amount of plastic sheeting of about 2 391.14 t, the residual film rate of about 10.68%. According to the investigation and analysis results, irrational application of fertilizers and pesticides and low utilization rate of crop straw are the main factors of non-point source pollution of tobacco-planting soil, and effective measures should be taken to prevent and control them.