民国时期各种灾荒频繁严重 ,广大人民深受其苦。其特点是 :无年不灾 ,持续不断 ;无地不灾 ,灾民众多 ;多灾并发 ,纵横交错。其危害严重而深远 :灾民生活极其悲惨 ,大批死亡或逃亡 ;农业生产力遭到严重破坏 ;城镇工商等业进一步衰落 ;阶级斗争激化 ,社会动荡 ,反抗斗争迭起。究其原因 ,除自然和历史的原因外 ,社会原因是主要的 :统治阶级的掠夺使得国困民穷 ,无力抗灾 ;战争频繁 ,加重和制造了灾荒 ;水利长期失修、破坏等 During the Republic of China, various famines were frequent and severe, and the majority of the people suffered greatly. Its characteristics are: no disaster, continuous; land without disaster, many victims; disaster complicated, criss-cross. Its endangerment is far-reaching and serious: the lives of the victims are extremely miserable, large numbers of people die or flee; the productive forces of agriculture are severely damaged; the industrial and commercial industries in cities and towns are further declining; the intensification of class struggle, social turmoil and the resumption of fighting one after another. The reason is that, apart from natural and historical reasons, the social reasons are the main ones: the predatory class predicament makes the country poor and unable to fight disasters; the war is frequent and aggravates and creates famine; the water conservancy is disrepair, vandalism and so on